You must have used the Google search engine to look for information, and may have seen Google predict the next words you will type. Well, this prediction is an example of Artificial Intelligence (AI). AI is known as a technology that has great potential to change human life in the future.
In general, AI refers to computer programs designed to imitate human intelligence, including decision-making abilities, logic, and other characteristics of intelligence. Computer scientist Professor John McCarthy is known as the figure who introduced the concept of AI in 1956.
What is Artificial Intelligence?
Currently, AI has been widely used in various applications such as search engines, virtual assistants such as Siri, Google Assistant, and Cortana.
Apart from that, the development of AI has reached an amazing level, one of which is its use in autonomous vehicles (self-drive) which allows vehicles to drive by themselves without human intervention. Apart from these uses, AI also has great potential to advance other fields such as education, health, food security and bureaucratic reform.
In the world of education, the use of AI can help students control and monitor their own learning, enabling them to live and work well and independently in the future. Apart from that, artificial intelligence in the future will lead to precision learning.
Later, learning will not only take into account students' cognitive, affective and psychomotor aspects, but also take into account students' daily behavior or habits.
In the health sector, artificial intelligence technology innovations are used to speed up service times, expand reach and reduce health costs. Apart from that, AI in the health sector allows patients to get health services without having to visit a health center/doctor directly.
In the field of food security, artificial intelligence or AI can be used for various purposes. One use is through satellite imagery to identify areas that have been covered by electricity and areas that have not been reached. Apart from that, AI can also be used to identify the types of crops grown in an area and predict the harvest of each crop.
Summarized from various sources, artificial intelligence is the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems, using software code heuristics. AI characteristics have the ability to rationalize and take actions that have the best chance of achieving certain goals. The purpose of making this technology is for learning, reasoning, and so on.
On the other hand, many industries are starting to try to apply this technology to improve better customer service.
What are types of AI?
After knowing the meaning of artificial intelligence, here are the types of AI which are divided based on capability and functionality.
1. Capability Based Artificial Intelligence
a. Narrow AI
Narrow AI or also called Weak AI, focuses on one narrow task and cannot work outside its boundaries. This application has been widely implemented and used in everyday human life. However, machine learning methods are still being developed.
One application that uses Narrow AI is Apple Siri, which functions to carry out certain commands from its users. That's why Siri often has problems if it gets tasks beyond its capabilities because the technology used is still based on Narrow AI.
b. General AI
General AI or known as Strong AI has better functions than Narrow AI. One of them is being able to understand and study the intellectual tasks carried out by humans.
One company that has used this technology is Fujitsu for its K supercomputer which is said to be the fastest computer in the world and China's National University of Defense Technology with its Tianhe-2, a 33.86-petaflops supercomputer.
c. Super AI
Super AI is AI technology that can surpass human intelligence and can perform any task better than humans. The concept of artificial superintelligence sees this AI becoming very similar to human sentiments and experiences. So this AI not only understands it, but can also create its own emotions, needs, beliefs and desires.
The existence of this technology is still a hypothesis. But the important characteristics of Super AI are thinking, solving puzzles, making judgments and decisions on their own.
2. Artificial Intelligence Based on Functionality
d. Reactive Machine
Reactive Machine or reactive machine is a form of artificial intelligence that does not store memories or use past experiences to make decisions about future actions.
In other words, this technology only works with the data currently collected. Reactive machines are usually given a specific task and they do not have the ability to perform tasks outside of that.
One of the companies developing this technology is IBM's Deep Blue, which tested playing chess against grandmaster Garry Kasparov.
From the results of the match, Deep Blue managed to win against Garry Kasparov. However, during the match, Deep Blue plays not based on experience or practice, but makes predictions about what moves he and his opponent will make.
e. Limited Memory
Limited Memory or Limited Memory AI is a technology that learns from past data to make decisions in the future. This technology can use data from the past over a certain period of time. But they can't store it in the experience library.
This technology is usually used in self-driving vehicles where Limited Memory will observe how other vehicles move around them, now, and during the trip. One company that is trying to develop and improve this technology is Mitsubishi Electric for self-driving car applications.
g. Theory of Mind
Theory of Mind represents a class of advanced technologies and was only developed as a concept. Because, this type of AI requires a thorough understanding that people and objects in an environment can change feelings and behavior.
In other words, the robot must understand people's emotions, sentiments and thoughts. Currently, many researchers are trying to improve Theory of Mind technology. But until now, they have not succeeded in perfecting this technology.
One form of robot created based on Theory of Mind is Sophia from Hanson Robotics. The Sophia robot is equipped with a camera in its eyes combined with a computer algorithm so it can see objects directly.
As a result of this trial, Sophia was able to maintain eye contact, recognize individuals, and follow the face of the person she was talking to.
h. Self-Aware
Self Aware AI currently only exists hypothetically. Because, this system must understand the nature, circumstances and internal conditions and feel human emotions. Of course this will not be easy to implement for robots.
But if this technology can be successfully created, these self-aware based robots will be said to be smarter than humans. Because, this robot can not only understand and evoke emotions in the people who interact with it, but also has its own emotions, needs and beliefs.
Conclusion
Finally, in the field of bureaucratic reform, the use of AI, one of which is ChatBot development, enables accurate two-way communication services with the public 24 hours a day. This can help increase bureaucratic efficiency and facilitate public access to information or public services.
What do you think, middle school friends? Isn't the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) extraordinary? As a student, of course you need to learn more about this technology so you can use it in your daily activities such as studying, working, communicating, and so on. Don't miss the opportunity to take advantage of this increasingly rapid technological progress, okay?